(an index page of
townoak.com)
(alternative access at
townoak.freeservers.com)
townoak.com/ideas/denominations
townoak.com/religiousleaders
Plato’s Academy Archeological Park, Eteokleous, Athens, Greece
| 
| 
| 
|
| Taoism by Laozi 86 ? ?, CN BC 0604 | Buddhism by Buddha 977 ? Lumbini, Kapilavastu, NP BC 0563 | Confucianism by Confucius 86 ? Qufu, Shandong, CN BC 0551(09/28) | Western philosophy by Socrates 30 ? ?, GR BC 0469 |
|
| 
| 
| 
|
| Platonic Academy by Plato 30 ? Athens, GR BC 0428 | Aristotelianism by Aristotle 30 ? Stagira, GR BC 0384 | Early Christianity by Paul 90 ? Tarsus, Mersin, TR 0005 | Neoplatonism by Plotinus 20 ? Tell El-Ruba, Kha, EG 0204 |
| 
| 
| |
| Western Christianity by Augustine 213 ? Souk Ahras, Souk Ahras, DZ 0354(11/13) | ? by Patrick 44 ? Banna Venta Berniae, England, GB 0373 | Order of Saint Benedict by Benedict 39 ? Norcia, Perugia, Umbria, IT 0480 | Islam by Muhammad 96 ? ?, SA 0570 |
| see Thomas Aquinas below | |||
| Avicennism by Avicenna 9989 ? Bukhara, Bukhara, UZ 0980 | Ontological argument by Anselm 39 ? Aosta, Aosta Valley, IT 1033 | ? by Ghazali 98 ? Tus, Khorasan, IR 1058 | Scholaticism by Pierre Abelard 33 ? Le Pallet, FR 1079 |
| 
| ||
| ? by Thomas Becket 44 ? Cheapside, London, England, GB 1118 | Averroism by Averroes 34 ? Córdoba, Andalusia, ES 1126 | ? by Moses Maimonides 34 ? Córdoba, Andalusia, ES 1135(03/30) - 1204(12/13) | Franciscan by Francis of Assisi 39 ? Assisi, IT 1182 |
| 
| 
| 
|
| modern Scientific method by Roger Bacon(European advocate) 44 ? Ilchester, Somerset, England, GB 1214 | Scholaticism by Thomas Aquinas 39 ? Roccasecca, Frosinone, Lazio, IT 1225 | Scotism by John Duns Scotus 44 ? Duns, Berwickshire, Scotland, GB 1266 | Occam's razor by William of Ockham 44 ? Ockham, Surrey, England, GB 1288 |
| 
| 
| |
| Lollardy by John Wycliffe 44 ? Hipswell, Richmondshire, North Yorkshire, England, GB 1320 | Hussite Wars by Jan Hus 42 ? Husinec, Prachatice, CS 1372 | The Imitation of Christ by Thomas à Kempis 49 ? Kirchplatz, St. Marien 11, Kempen, Viersen, North Rhine-Westphalia, DE 1380 | ? by Desiderius Erasmus 31 ? Rotterdam, NL 1466(10/27) |
| 
| 
| 
|
| Protestant Reformation by Martin Luther 49 ? Lutherstadt Eisleben, Mansfeld-Südharz, Saxony-Anhalt, DE 1483(11/10)(Wittenburg door 1517(10/31)) | Reformation in Switzerland by Huldrych Zwingli 41 ? Wildhaus, Wahlkreis Toggenburg, Saint Gallen, CH 1484(01/01) | English Reformation by Thomas Cranmer 44 ? Aslockton, Nottinghamshire, England, GB 1489(07/02) | Society of Jesus by Ignatius of Loyola 34 ? Loyola, Azpeitia, Guipúzcoa, ES 1491(10/13) |
| see Ignatius of Loyola above | 
|  
|
| Lutheranism by Philipp Melanchthon 49 ? Bretten, Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, DE 1497(02/16) | Society of Jesus by Francis Xavier 34 ? Javier, Navarre, ES 1506(04/07) | Calvinism by Jean Calvin 33 ? Noyon, Picardie, Oise, FR 1509(07/10) | Presbyterianism by John Knox 44 ? Haddington, East Lothian, Scotland, GB 1510 |
| see Thérèse de Lisieux below | 
| |
| ? by Giordano Bruno 39 ? Nola, Campania, Naples, IT 1548 | Pilgrim (Plymouth Colony) by William Brewster 44 ? Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, GB 1566 | Christian mysticism by Jakob Böhme 49 ? Görlitz, DE 1575(04/24) | New England Puritan by John Cotton 44 ? ?, England, GB 1585(12/04) |
| 
| see Roger Bacon above | |
| Social contract by Thomas Hobbes 44 ? Malmesbury, Wiltshire, England, GB 1588(04/05) | Scientific revolution by René Descartes 33 ? Descartes, Indre-et-Loire, FR 1596(03/31) | North American Baptist by Roger Williams 44 ? London, England, GB 1603(12/21) | Scientific method by Blaise Pascal 33 ? Clermont-Ferrand, FR 1623(06/19) |
| 
| y=f(x) | |
| Religious Society of Friends by George Fox 44 ? George Fox Lane, Fenny Drayton, Leicestershire, England, GB 1624(07/??) | Classical liberalism, Age of Enlightenment, and Empiricism by John Locke 44 ? Wrington, North Somerset, England, GB 1632(08/29) | Rationalism by Baruch Spinoza 31 ? Amsterdam, NL 1632(11/24) - 1677(02/21) | Infinitesimal calculus and Leibniz's notation by Gottfried von Leibniz 49 ? Leipzig, Saxony, DE 1646(07/01) - 1716(11/14) |
| 
| ||
| ? by Cotton Mather 1 02205? Boston, MA 1663(02/12) | Idealism by George Berkeley 353 ? Dysart Castle, Thomastown, County Kilkenny, IE 1685(03/12) | The New Church by Emanuel Swedenborg 46 ? Stockholm, SE 1688(02/08) | Methodism by John Wesley 44 ? Epworth, Lincolnshire, England, GB 1703(06/28) |
| |||
| First Great Awakening by Jonathan Edwards 1 06016 East Windsor, CT 1703(10/05) | Skepticism by David Hume 44 ? Edinburgh, Scotland, GB 1711(04/26) | Lutheran Church in the United States by Heinrich Melchior Mühlenberg 49 ? Einbeck, Northeim, Lower Saxony, DE 1711(09/06) | Encyclopédie by Denis Diderot 33 ? Langres, FR 1713(10/05) |
| 
| ||
| Critique of Pure Reason by Immanuel Kant 7 ? Kaliningrad, Russia, SU 1724(04/22) | Weimar Classicism by Johann Gottfried Herder 48 ? Mohrungen, Ostróda, PL 1744(08/25) | Utilitarianism by Jeremy Bentham 44 ? Spitalfields, London, England, GB 1748(02/15) | German idealism by Johann Gottlieb Fichte 49 ? Rammenau, Saxony, DE 1762(05/19) |
| See Johann Gottlieb Fichte above | See Johann Gottlieb Fichte above | 
| |
| Hermeneutics by Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher 48 ? Breslau, Lower Silesia, PL 1768(11/21) | German idealism by Georg Wilhelm Freidrich Hegel 49 ? Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, DE 1770(08/27) | German idealism by Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling 49 ? Leonberg, Böblingen, Baden-Württemberg, DE 1775(01/27) | Unitarianiasm by William Ellery Channing 1 02840 Newport, RI 1780(04/07) |
| 
| ||
| The World as Will and Representation by Arthur Schopenhauer 48 ? Danzig, PL 1788(02/22) | Sociology and Positivism by Isidore Marie Auguste François Xavier Comte 33 ? Montpellier, Hérault, Languedoc-Roussillon, FR 1798(01/17) | Oxford Movement by John Henry Newman 44 ? London, England, GB 1801(02/21) | Latter Day Saint movement by Brigham Young 1 05361 Whitingham, VT 1801(06/01) |
| See Brigham Young above | 
| see John Locke above | |
| Latter Day Saint movement by Joseph Smith 1 05065 Sharon, VT 1805(12/23) | Existentialism by Søren Aabye Kierkegaard 45 ? Copenhagen, DK 1813(05/05) | Bahá'í Faith
by
Bahá'u'lláh 98 ? Tehran, IR 1817(11/12) | Classical liberalism
by
Herbert Spencer 44 ? Derby, East Midlands, GB 1820(04/27) |
| 
| 
| |
| Evolution
by
Thomas Henry Huxley 44 ? Ealing, Middlesex, GB 1825(05/04) | ? by Lyman Abbott 1 02118 Roxbury, MA 1835(12/18) | Moody Bible Institute
by
Dwight Lyman Moody 1 01360 Northfield, MA 1837(02/05) | Pragmatism
by
Charles Sanders Peirce 1 02139? Cambridge, MA 1839(09/10) |
| see Søren Aabye Kierkegaard above | 
| 
| |
| ? by William James 1 10001? Astor House, New York, NY 1842(01/11) - 1910(08/26) | Existentialism by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche 49 ? Röcken, Burgenlandkreis, Saxony-Anhalt, DE 1844(10/15) | Ethical movement by Felix Adler 49 ? Alzey, Hess-Darmstadt, DE 1851(08/13) | Jehovah's Witnesses by Charles Taze Russell 1 15212 Allegheny, PA 1852(02/16) |
| Objective idealism by Josiah Royce 1 95945? Grass Valley, CA 1855(11/20) | Phenomenology (philosophy) by Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl 42 ? Prostejov, Olomouc, CS 1859(04/08) | Intuition (Bergson) by Henri-Louis Bergson 33 ? Paris, FR 1859(10/18) | Functional psychology by John Dewey 1 05401? Burlington, VT 1859(10/20) |
| see Alfred North Whitehead to the left | |||
| Analytic philosophy by Alfred North Whitehead 44 ? Ramsgate, Kent, England, GB 1861(02/15) | Conservative Christianity by William Ashley Sunday 1 50010? Ames, IA 1863(11/19) | Analytic philosophy byBertrand Arthur William Russell 44 ? Trellech, Monmouthshire, Wales, GB 1872(05/18) | Reverence for Life by Albert Schweitzer 33 ? Kaysersberg, Haut-Rhin, Alsace-Lorraine, FR 1875(01/14) |
| see Søren Aabye Kierkegaard above | ||
| Philosophy of dialogue by Martin Buber 43 ? Vienna, AT 1878(02/08) - 1965(06/13) | Omega Point by Pierre Teilhard de Chardin 33 ? Orcines, Puy-de-Dôme Auvergne, FR 1881(05/01) - 1955(04/10) | Universal Declaration of Human Rights by Jacques Maritain 33 ? Paris, FR 1882(11/18) - 1973(04/28) | Existentialism by Karl Theodor Jaspers 49 ? Oldenburg, Lower Saxony, DE 1883(02/23) - 1969(02/26) |
| |||
| Neo-orthodoxy by Karl Barth 41 ? Basel, CH 1886(05/10) - 1968(12/10) | Christian existentialism by Paul Johannes Tillich 48 ? Starzeddel, Gubin, PL 1886(08/20) | Logical positivism and Ordinary language philosophy by Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein 43 ? Vienna, AT 1889(04/26) | Being and Time by Martin Heidegger 49 ? Meßkirch, Sigmaringen, Baden-Württemberg, DE 1889(09/26) |
| 
| see Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein above | |
| Nation of Islam by Elijah Muhammad 1 31082 Sandersville, GA 1897(10/07) | Optimism by Norman Vincent Peale 1 45307 Bowersville, OH 1898(05/31) | Ordinary language philosophy by Gilbert Ryle 44 ? Brighton, East Sussex, GB 1900(08/19) | Marxism by Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre 33 ? Paris, FR 1905(06/21) |
| see Alfred North Whitehead above | 
| |
| Confessing Church by Dietrich Bonhoeffer 48 ? Breslau, Lower Silesia, PL 1906(02/04) | Analytic philosophy by Willard Van Orman Quine 1 44309? Akron, OH 1908(06/25) | ? by John Langshaw Austin 44 ? Lancaster, England, GB 1911(03/26) | ? by Thomas James Merton 33 ? Prades, FR 1915(01/31) |
| |||
| Traditionalist conservatism by Russell Kirk 1 48170 Plymouth, MI 1918(10/19) | Postmodernism by Jean-François Lyotard 33 ? Versailles, FR 1924(08/10) | Social theory by Michel Foucault 33 ? Poitiers, FR 1926(10/15) | Anarchy, State, and Utopia by Robert Nozick 1 10001? Brooklyn, NY 1938(11/16) |
| ? by Joan of Arc 33 ? Domrémy-la-Pucelle, Vosges, Lorraine, FR 1412 | Christian Science by Mary Morse Baker Eddy 1 03304 Bow, NH 1821(07/16) | ? by Thérèse de Lisieux 33 ? Alençon, Orne, Normandy, FR 1873(01/02) |
62
If you have any questions about this web site,
please contact our webmaster: Edward M. Stadick